Thābit ibn Qurra
·
Born
: 210-211 AH/ 826 AD, Harran, Syria, Bilad
al-Sham (now in Şanlıurfa
Province, Turkey)
·
Died
: Wednesday, 26 Safar, 288 AH / February 18, 901
AD, Baghdad (now Iraq)
·
Influences
: Banu Musa, Archimedes, Apollonius, Nicomachus, Euclid
·
Era
: Islamic Golden Age
·
Main
: Mathematics, Mechanics.
Notable : Early
reformer of the Ptolemaic
ideas : A
founder of statics Length of the sidereal
year
Influenced : Al-Khazini, Al-Isfizari, Na'im ibn Musa
Al-Ṣābiʾ Thābit ibn
Qurrah al-Ḥarrānī (Arabic: ثابت بن قره, Latin:
Thebit/Thebith/Tebit; 826 – February 18, 901) was a Arab Sabian mathematician,
physician, astronomer, and translator who lived in Baghdad in the second half
of the ninth century during the time of Abbasid Caliphate.
Thābit ibn Qurrah made
important discoveries in algebra, geometry, and astronomy. In
astronomy, Thābit is considered one of the first reformers of
the Ptolemaic system, and in mechanics he was a founder of statics.
Biography
Al-Jazira region and
its subdivisions (Diyar Bakr, Diyar Mudar, and Diyar Rabi'a) during
the Abbasid Caliphate.
Thābit was born
in Harran in Upper Mesopotamia, which at the time was part of
the Diyar Mudar subdivision of the al-Jazira region of
the Abbasid Caliphate. The city of Harran was never
fully Christianized. By the early Muslim conquests, the people of
Harran were still adhering to the cult of Sin.
Thābit and his pupils
lived in the midst of the most intellectually vibrant, and probably the
largest, city of the time, Baghdad. He occupied himself with mathematics,
astronomy, astrology, magic, mechanics, medicine,
and philosophy. Later in his life, Thābit's patron was the Abbasid
Caliph al-Mu'tadid (reigned 892–902). Thābit became the Caliph's
personal friend and courtier. Thābit died in Baghdad.
Astronomy
The
medieval theory of the trepidation of the equinoxes is
often attributed to Thābit. But it had already been described
by Theon of Alexandria in his comments of the Handy Tables of Ptolemy.
According to Copernicus, Thābit determined the length of the sidereal
year as 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 12 seconds (an error of 2
seconds). Copernicus based his claim on the Latin text attributed to Thābit.
Thābit published his observations of the Sun.
Mathematics
He is known for having calculated the solution to a chessboard problem involving an exponential series.In mathematics, Thābit discovered an equation for determining amicable numbers. He also wrote on the theory of numbers, and extended their use to describe the ratios between geometrical quantities, a step which the Greeks did not take.
He computed the volume
of the paraboloid.
He also described a
generalization of Pythagoras' theorem.
Physics
In physics, Thābit
rejected the Peripatetic and Aristotelian notions of a
"natural place" for each element. He instead proposed a theory
of motion in which both the upward and downward motions are caused
by weight, and that the order of the universe is a result of two
competing attractions (jadhb): one of these being
"between the sublunar and celestial elements", and the
other being "between all parts of each element separately". and
in mechanics he was a founder of statics.
Works
Only a few of Thābit's
works are preserved in their original form.
·
On the Sector-Figure which deals
with Menelaus' theorem.
·
On the Composition of
Ratios.
Eponyms
·
Thebit
Sumber
Labels:
Mathematician
Thanks for reading Biografi Thābit ibn Qurra. Please share...!
