Why does the character from the comic yell “the square root of sixteen” when hitting the golf ball?
The
expression is a radical
expression.
Since the radicand, 16, is a perfect square,
. In Lesson 8–5, you
learned to simplify radical expressions using the Product Property of
Square Roots and prime factorization. You can simplify radical expressions
in which the radicand is not a perfect square in a similar
manner. Recall that the radicand is the number or
expression under the square root symbol.
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2. On a softball field, the distance from second base to home plate is . Express
in simplest radical form.
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The Product Property can also be used to multiply square
roots.
Example
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To divide square roots and simplify radical expressions that
involve division, use the Quotient Property of Square Roots. A fraction
containing radicals is in simplest form if no radicals are left in the
denominator.
Example
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To eliminate radicals from the denominator of a fraction, you
can use a method for simplifying radical expressions called rationalizing the
denominator.
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Binomials of the form and
are conjugates of each
other because their product is a rational number.
Conjugates are useful for simplifying radical expressions
because their product is always a rational number.
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To rationalize the denominator, multiply both the
numerator and denominator by , which is the conjugate of
.
Radical expressions are in simplest form if the following
conditions are met.
Consider the expression . It appears that
. However, if x = – 3, then
is 3, not –3. For radical
expressions like
, use absolute value to ensure nonnegative results. The
results of simplifying a few radical expressions are listed below.
For , absolute value is not
necessary. If x were negative, then x3 would be
negative, and
is not a real number. Why is absolute value not used for
?
Example
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