Born : 989, Cordova, Al-Andalus
Died : 1079, Jaén,
Al-Andalus
Main interests : Mathematics, Astronomy.
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī (Arabic:
أبو عبد الله محمد بن معاذ الجياني;989,
Cordova, Al-Andalus – 1079, Jaén, Al-Andalus) was a mathematician, Islamic
scholar, and Qadi from Al-Andalus (in present-day Spain). Al-Jayyānī wrote
important commentaries on Euclid's Elements and he wrote the first known
treatise on spherical trigonometry.
Life
Little is known about his life. Confusion exists over
the identity of al-Jayyānī of the same name mentioned by ibn Bashkuwal (died
1183), Qur'anic scholar, Arabic Philologist, and expert in inheritance laws
(farāʾiḍī). It is unknown whether they are the same person.
The book of unknown arcs of a sphere
Al-Jayyānī wrote The book of unknown arcs of a sphere,
which is considered "the first treatise on spherical trigonometry",
although spherical trigonometry in its ancient Hellenistic form was dealt with
by earlier mathematicians such as Menelaus of Alexandria, who developed
Menelaus' theorem to deal with spherical problems. However, E. S. Kennedy
points out that while it was possible in pre-Islamic mathematics to compute the
magnitudes of a spherical figure, in principle, by use of the table of chords
and Menelaus' theorem, the application of the theorem to spherical problems was
very difficult in practice. Al-Jayyānī's work on spherical trigonometry
"contains formulae for right-handed triangles, the general law of sines,
and the solution of a spherical triangle by means of the polar triangle."
This treatise later had a "strong influence on European mathematics",
and his "definition of ratios as numbers" and "method of solving
a spherical triangle when all sides are unknown" are likely to have
influenced Regiomontanus.
Sumber
Labels:
Mathematician
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