Died : June 1283 CE, Maragheh
Main interests : Astronomy, Astrology and Mathematics.
Muḥyī al‐Milla wa al‐Dīn Yaḥyā Abū ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī al‐Shukr
al‐Maghribī al‐Andalusī (Arabic: محيي الدين المغربي; died 1283 CE)
was an Andalusī astronomer, astrologer and mathematician of
the Islamic Golden Age. He belonged to the group of astronomers associated with
the Maragheh observatory, most notably Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. In astronomy, Ibn
Abi al-Shukr carried out a large‐scale project of systematic planetary
observations, which led to the development of several new astronomical
parameters.
He died in Maragheh in modern-day Iran in June 1283 CE.
Astronomy
Marāgha observatory where Ibn Abi al-Shukr carried out his planetary
observations
His known works on astronomy include:
Marāgha observatory where Ibn Abi
al-Shukr carried out his planetary observations
a. Tasṭīḥ al‐asṭurlāb: a description of the construction and use of the
astrolabe.
b. Maqāla fī istikhrāj taʿdīl al‐nahār wa saʿat al‐mashriq wa‐ʾl‐dāʾir min
al‐falak bi‐ṭarīq al‐handasa: a description of the geometrical methods used to
determine the meridian line, the rising amplitude, and the revolution of the
sphere.
c. Risālat al‐Khaṭā wa‐ʾl‐īghūr: a chronological work on the Chinese and
Uighur calendars, which was later translated from Arabic and Persian into
Chinese.
d. Three zijes:
- Tāj al‐azyāj wa‐ghunyat
al‐muḥtāj (The crown of astronomical handbooks), also known as Al‐muṣaḥḥaḥ
bi‐adwār al‐anwār maʿa al‐raṣad wa‐ʾl‐iʿtibār.
- Adwār al‐anwār madā
al‐duhūr wa‐ʾl‐akwār: contains results of the astronomical observations he
carried out in Marāgha.
- Umdat al‐ḥāsib
wa‐ghunyat al‐ṭālib
e. Three commentaries on Ptolemy's Almagest:
- Talkhīṣ al‐Majisṭī
(Compendium of the Almagest): based on his observations carried out between
1264 and 1275 CE.
- Khulāṣat al‐Majisṭī
(Summary of the Almagest)
- Muqaddimāt tataʿallaq bi‐ḥarakāt al‐kawākib (Prolegomena on the motion of
the stars): contains five geometric premises on the planetary motions in the
Almagest.
Astrology
Ibn Abī al‐Shukr's astrological works were mainly devoted to horoscopes and
planetary conjunctions used to tell the future.
Mathematics
Muhyi al-Din is most known for his works in trigonometry, Book on the
theorem of Menelaus, Treatise on the calculation of sines. He is also known for
his commentaries on classic Greek mathematical works, in particular, his
commentary on Book XV of Elements about measurements of the regular polyhedra.
His writings on trigonometry "contain certain original elements".
Sine
In mathematics, the sine is a trigonometric function of an angle. The sine
of an acute angle is defined in the context of a right triangle: for the
specified angle, it is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite
that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse).
Trigonometry
Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon, "triangle" and metron,
"measure") is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships
between side lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged in the
Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to
astronomical studies.
Menelaus's theorem
Menelaus's theorem, named for Menelaus of Alexandria, is a proposition
about triangles in plane geometry. Given a triangle ABC, and a transversal line
that crosses BC, AC, and AB at points D, E, and F respectively, with D, E, and
F distinct from A, B, and C, then A F F B × B D D C × C E E A = − 1.
Sumber
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