Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Mufaḍḍal ibn ʿUmar ibn al‐Mufaḍḍal
al‐Samarqandī al‐Abharī, also known as Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Munajjim
(d. in 1265 or 1262[2] Shabestar, Iran) was a philosopher, astronomer,
astrologer and mathematician. Other than his influential writings, he
had many famous disciples.
Life
His birthplace is contested among sources. According
to Encyclopedia of Islam and Encyclopedia Islamica, he was born in Abhar, a
small town between Qazvin and Zanjan. Encyclopedia Iranica mentions that he was
born in Mosul, but according to Encyclopedia Islamica, none of his oldest
biographers mentioned Mosul as his birthplace. Beside the city of Abhar, his
epithet al-Abharī could suggest that he or his ancestors originally stem from
the Abhar tribe. He may have died of paralysis in Adharbayjan.
He is said to have been a student or teacher in
various schools at Khurāsān, Baghdad, and Arbil, living for some time in Sivas.
Ibn Khallikān reports that he was student of Kamāl al‐Dīn ibn Yūnus, but other
sources state that he worked as an assistant to Fakhr al‐Dīn al‐Rāzī.
Astronomy
Risāla fī al‐hayʾa (Treatise on astronomy).
Mukhtaṣar fī al‐hayʾa (Epitome on astronomy).
Kashf al‐ḥaqāʾiq fī taḥrīr al‐daqāʾiq, where he
accepts the view that the celestial bodies do not change and maintains that
stars have volition and it is the source of their motion.
Mathematics
Several works on Iṣlāḥ (Correction) of Euclid, one of
which is an attempt to prove the parallel postulate, which was commented upon
and criticized by Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī.
Philosophy
Kitāb al-Hidāyah (Guide on Philosophy): a book dealing
with the complete cycle of Hikmat, i.e., logic, natural philosophy, and
metaphysics.
Isāghūjī fi al-Manṭiq (Commentary on Porphyry's
Isagoge), a treatise on logic. Latin Translation by Thomas Obicini; Īsāghūkhī,
Isagoge. Id est, breve Introductorium Arabicum in Scientiam Logices: cum
versione latina: ac theses Sanctae Fidei. R. P. F. Thomae Novariensis (1625).
Sumber
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